巴扎尼谈一年后的摩苏尔、西方的罪宗
罗马（亚洲新闻）—一年前，“伊拉克和东方伊斯兰国”吉哈德分子占领了伊拉克北部的摩苏尔，宣布“伊斯兰国”正式成立。他们掀起了大规模的军事行动，占领了摩苏尔和尼尼微平原大部地区。他们的头目埃尔-巴格达迪在摩苏尔宣告加里发国成立，占地叙利亚、伊拉克大片领土，目标瞄准了整个中东和地中海非洲部分，甚至威胁欧洲、美洲和梵蒂冈。
伊斯兰国与基地组织的不同在于其对人的残忍性、实施伊斯兰教义沙里亚。互联网上推出的多份视频显示了他们的血腥残暴：斩首、钉十字架、集体处决、性奴、对孩子进行暴力灌输。十三万基督徒、四十多万名亚兹迪族和什叶派穆斯林逃离摩苏尔后，美国发起的联盟展开了空袭伊斯兰国行动。但是，其效果十分有限。“原计划”四月解放摩苏尔，后推迟到五月，现在看来似乎遥遥无期。
伊拉克人民遭遇国土被占领、国家分裂灾难一年之际，我们走访了伊拉克驻意大利大使萨伊旺·巴扎尼。请这位库尔德斯坦自治省省长巴扎尼的侄子介绍了地区局势。他强调，宗教因素在这场冲突中是次要的：伊斯兰国民兵只是不折不扣的野蛮凶残的犯罪分子。很难解决伊拉克和中东问题的主要原因是西方和国际社会的放弃——面对恐怖主义对世界的威胁，西方和国际社会放弃了。为此，伊斯兰国才能打着反阿萨德政府的面具活跃多年并武装壮大起来。以下为访问记英文版。
A year ago Mosul was taken by the Islamic state. And its recapture still seems far off.
Mosul is still in the hands of this horde of barbarians, one of the most heinous groups in history ... Human lives have been lost, but also dignity. They destroyed people, but also archaeological sites. Mosul has experienced all of this: a horrible tragedy. It is the first time in hundreds of years that such barbarians have invaded this region.
The reason for this is the death of international support; the West has closed their eyes to this destructive ideology that is called "Islamic", it has turned a blind eye to the financial, political, armed support of this backward-looking ignorant and cruel group. Iraq is the victim of this invasion and cannot face it alone: This is an international war, it is the war of all humanity against obscurantism.
It is in our power to be ready to retake the city of Mosul. So far we have taken quite a few cities and areas that were previously under the Islamic State [SI, or Daesh, according to the acronym in Arabic - ed]. But we need international support to rid the region around Mosul and Anbar.
Why do you think the international community is so timid in supporting you against the IS?
It is a long story. It goes back to the origin and the formation of this criminal group that boasts a showcase for religious propagation. The West - and especially the United States, which is a superpower - should not allow these groups to roam at large and have an exaggerated influence. There are countries large and small – who remain unnamed - who support these groups and are trying to have gain influence in the region, as if they were the great powers, but such strategies are motivated by petty competitions, envy, jealousy ... All this has led to War in Iraq and Syria and perhaps other countries.
What is daily life like in Mosul?
We have contacts and eye witness accounts. Life goes on with what little electricity or water the government of Kurdistan can distribute to the people in Mosul: you cannot punish people because of their conquerors. From an economic standpoint, there is always some help from the Iraqi government to the approximately 2.5 million civilians living under the Islamic state. The situation is extremely difficult. It is now clear that Daesh are incapable of producing anything, there are no industries, or services; They produce nothing. If they want to return to the way of life of 1000 years ago, it is clear that they cannot meet the current needs of the population, as a modern and administered state. It is a passing movement of complaint, protest, supported by neighboring countries, but I do not think that they can continue to govern because they have nothing. They depend entirely on the West for weapons and cannot even produce a knife. Everything comes from foreign countries. Beyond a some small oil production in Syria and Iraq, they have nothing else. They support themselves by selling women, oil, applying taxes on the population, and selling archaeological artefacts. They sell ancient statues or friezes, Mesopotamia is rich in archaeological sites and museums. In another few months or a few years, Daesh will be over because it cannot continue in this way, without responding to the needs of the population, with a backward-looking and violent style of rule, forcing people to obey, to wear the veil, to go to the mosque. But without having anything to trade with the outside world, they are condemned to self-suffocation. They still resist because they survive on smuggling or organized crime.
There is a lot of talk in Italy about Iraq’s Christians, but Daeshì victims are not only Christians ...
If we talk of the victims in the sense of those who are killed, there are many more killed among Muslims. If we talk about people who have fled, then yes: Christians are among the most affected. Now in the area of Mosul, there is not a single Christian or Yazidi, or shaba, or Shiite left.
The difference between a Kurd and a Christian is that the Kurdish is killed immediately and his woman is sold. Christians are forced to choose between several options: either convert to Islam or pay the fee of protected, or flee, or you are killed.
According to IS ideology, Christians could live under them as protected, as long as they pay a fee. But no Christian accepted this. They have all have fled to Kurdistan, where they can live safely. As they forced them to flee, the IS took their property, their homes, their land. On the other hand we still have 3 thousand missing Kurdish women, sold on the market, and so far we have rescued very few. The IS has killed thousands of Kurds and other people. Not to mention the Yazidi, killed on Mount Sanjar. The IS ideology wants the death of Kurds, the Yazidis, Shiites, Muslims anyone who disagrees with them, and then there are the Christians.
The current problems of the Middle East are framed in the context of a conflict between Sunnis and Shiites, of a hegemonic confrontation between Saudi Arabia and Iran ... But in all of these interpretations the West is very slow to act. What is your advice to the international community?
I do not think that the source of division and war in our country is a religious one. In Iraq there are at least 17 different religious groups. The problem in the Middle East is not whether we are Sunnis or Shiites. The issue is that there is a war of interests, a war between smaller and larger countries and at the same time the disappearance, the resignation of the West.
Until 30 years ago there were two blocs led by the superpowers, the Socialist bloc and that of the free world. Every country in the Arab world chose to side with one or the other block. Today there is a multipolar world. And so every group, every little country feels entitled to intervene with the money it has, with which it finances the media, ideologies that wants to propagate. In each country – take Libya for example - there are dozens of groups: each is funded, supported by some country or other and are fighting among themselves.
We need to bring order, we need someone like the West, the United States as a superpower, or the UN Security Council, we need them to intervene and compel these countries to respect laws and security. You cannot close your eyes to the billions of dollars that are spent on weapons, on television every day to foster hatred and war. It must be said that this is not a religious conflict: the populations are predominantly Muslim, and are paying the heaviest tribute to the instability and destruction.
At least 90% of the victims are Sunni and not because we are Shiites, but because this war ignites countries that are predominantly Sunni. This war is now unfolding without any strategy, order or goals: it has become a normal thing to kill. It is almost impossible to watch the news in these countries, so full of bloody cruelty: mangled corpses, severed heads, mass executions.
This is a danger for all humanity. Across a region of 500 million inhabitants has fallen into this nightmare because of the disengagement of the free world. A handful of men have been allowed to lead this region into total destruction and the destabilize the world. As you know, at least 50 thousand refugees have arrived so far in Italy. But even more will reach the Mediterranean coast if we do not address these problems. Nothing can be resolved if international laws and principles are not respected in the Middle East. Failing this, the region is abandoned to anarchy, where men can do what they want, kill whomever he wants. The smartest move for the West is to prevent these little actors from doing whatever they want for their low economic reasons. We must end the protagonism of these small countries and IS, and other organizations.
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